Mud Dauber Wasp: Master of Mud Architecture (Nest bulding behaviour)

 Mud dauber wasps are solitary insects that construct mud nests as brood chambers for their young. The female builds the nest by carrying mud balls to a protected location, like under a porch roof. Each cell within the nest is filled with paralyzed spiders, and a single egg is laid on one of them before the cell is sealed. The wasp larvae then feed on the spiders when they hatch.
Let's have a look on their nest building behaviour captured.

EYE OF COCKROACH & VISION MECHANISM

Visionary mechanism in cockroach is truly highly effective system adapted for its nocturnal lifestyle. Unlike the single-lens eyes of humans, a cockroach possesses a pair of large, compound eyes located on the side of its head. 

Each compound eye is composed of thousands of individual, hexagonal units known as ommatidia.  Each ommatidium acts as a separate photoreceptive unit, containing its own lens and light-sensitive cells. The cockroach's brain processes the thousands of unique images from these ommatidia, creating a single mosaic vision. While this mosaic vision provides a relatively low-resolution image, it is exceptionally sensitive to light and motion, allowing the cockroach to detect subtle changes in its environment and quickly evade predators. This specialized visual system is a key component of the cockroach's ability to thrive in its surroundings.

COCKROACH : A DETAILED IDEA ON DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, MOUTH PARTS & GLANDS.

 COCKROACH : A DETAILED IDEA ON DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, MOUTH PARTS &  GLANDS.

• Briefly describe the mouth parts of a cockroach.✔️
• What are the enzymes secreted from salivary glands?✔️
• How does the salivary gland finctions?✔️
• Briefly describe the digestive system of cockroach.✔️
• Mention digestive glands & its function in a cockroach✔️

A Comparative Analysis of Sound Production in Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Cicadas.

 Grasshoppers, crickets, and cicadas produce sound through different methods. 

✅ Grasshoppers stridulate by rubbing their hind legs against their forewings. 

✅ Crickets also use stridulation, but they rub their forewings together, with a scraper on one wing rubbing against a file on the other.

✅ In contrast, cicadas have a completely different mechanism; they use a pair of drum-like organs called tymbals on their abdomen. Muscles rapidly buckle these membranes, creating the loud buzzing sound. The hollow abdomen of the cicada acts as a resonator, amplifying the noise to a high volume

for more information watch this video attached herewith.

Insects & Living orders (Imms.) : A Brief Idea (ENTOMOLOGY GUIDE FOR SEMESTER 1 CCF)

✔️Who are insects?

Phylum Arthropods are Protostomes.

✔️Representative of Class Insecta have following characters:

• 6 segments fused to form head.
• 1 pair antenna.
• Trunk:3 segmented;
• Thorax is divided into Prothorax, Mesothorax & Metathorax.
• A pair of legs originated from every thoracic segments .So total 3 pair of legs are present.
• Abdomen :11 segmented
• 2 pair of wings are present on dorsal side.Fore wing is harder than membranous hind wing beneath.Presence of median ocelli &  compound eyes. 

✔️General Characteristics of Class Insecta and living orders with examples: Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Anoplura (Imms, A.D., 1938)